![]() Three different bat types are found to carry this virus without being affected that suggested them as a primary natural reservoir for Ebola viruses ( 11). However researchers suspect the fruit bats as the most probable candidate species. Natural reservoir for Ebola is not confirmed yet. It is said that the current outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa found its roots from a single zoonotic transmission event by a two year old boy in Meliandou, Guinea ( 10). This strain is considered as not being pathogenic for humans but causes hemorrhagic fever in experimentally infected animals ( 8, 9). In spite of such severity of Ebola outbreaks, no affective vaccine or therapeutic drug is developed yet for clinical purposes.įive species of genus Ebola virus are identified, among which four species of Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV), Sudan Ebola virus (SEBOV), Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BEBOV) and Tai Forest virus (TAFV) are infectious for humans and are recognized from Africa while one Reston Ebola virus (REBOV) characterized from Philippines is associated with nonhuman primates and pigs. Ebola virus is mostly thrived in West and Black Africa where it has caused large outbreaks with high mortality rates. Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) has the highest case fatality rates approximately 88% and death rate of 53% since its discovery ( 7). Although the causing agents were identical and similar in morphology to Marburg virus strain isolated from South Africa in 1975 and Germany in 1967 and was named Ebola virus, the electron microscopy and serological studies showed that the involved viruses were closely related ( 6). Almost similar severe outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rate occurred in the provinces of Zaire and Sudan. This syndrome is usually caused by RNA viruses of the families Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae ( 4, 5). The term viral hemorrhagic fever refers to a variety of viral diseases characterized by bleeding and fever in humans. It includes five species of Ebola and a strain of Marburg virus, which cause hemorrhagic fever in humans and also in nonhuman primates. Ebola is an enveloped virus that belongs to the family Filoviridae. The ongoing multinational Ebola outbreak posed a serious threat to the countries of West Africa and beyond due to its unprecedented magnitude. Unpredictable hemorrhagic fever disease outbreaks are caused by different species of Ebola viruses, as well as Marburg virus associated with 90% fatality rates ( 3). IntroductionĪbout 1500 species of infectious organisms are known to be pathogenic to humans, including 217 viruses and prions ( 1, 2). Scientists working in this field should be cooperative and committed to combat this natural disaster effectively.Įbola Virus Reservoirs Hosts Pathogenicity Viral Entry Mechanism Mode of Action Epidemiology Viral Transmission 1. Lethal and infectious nature of this virus requires the effective diagnostic methods. The model undergoes a backwardīifurcation at R0 close to 1, regardless R0 < 1, the disease will not beĮradicated.Despite the known severity of Ebola outbreaks, no effective vaccine or therapeutic drug is developed so far because of the RNA coded nature of this virus, but many candidate vaccines are going on trial basis. The stability analysis of the modelĪround those equilibrium points was performed. The disease equilibrium points (disease-free equilibrium and endemicĮquilibrium) for the re-emerging outbreak. We computed the reproductive number (R0) and The model is mathematicallyĪnd epidemiologically well-posed. AnalyticalĪnd numerical analyses of the model were conducted. Thus, in order to explore the mainįeatures of EVD transmission dynamics in the context of re-emergence, we used aĬompartmental model by considering vaccination around EVD contacts. This has shown that even after controlling anĮVD outbreak, a close biomedical monitoring of survivors and contacts isĬritical to avoiding future outbreaks. In many cases, male EVD survivors were associated with the Well-documented cases of EVD reemergence that were associated with previous In Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there are Download a PDF of the paper titled Ebola transmission dynamics: will future Ebola outbreaks become cyclic?, by David Niyukuri and 3 other authors Download PDF Abstract: The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) can persist in some body fluids after clinical
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